The core algorithm itself seems to be the first installed ramp metering algorithm in the world and is based on the. Evaluation of ramp metering algorithms using microsimulation. The available literature on the hero ramp metering system is used to implement it as closely as possible using aimsun application programming interface api. The rmc is the roadside intelligent controller which gathers information from the sensors, performs the ramp metering algorithms and controls the signal heads. A comparative study among three ramp metering algorithms used in the greater seattle area by cynthia taylor deirdre meldrumresearch engineer associate professordepartment of electrical engineering university of washington seattle, washington. Pdf development and evaluation of ramp metering algorithms. Freeway sensors detect traffic and feed information to the ramp.
Feedback ramp metering in intelligent transportation. Research engineer texas transportation institute zongzhong tian, p. Feedback ramp metering in intelligent transportation systems is the first book on the topic of using feedback control also called realtime traffic control or adaptive control by some traffic engineers in ramp metering. This study presents development and comparative evaluation of five ramp controls including no control, timeofday plan, and three wellknown ramp metering algorithms. Design and evaluation of adaptive coordinated ramp control. The general method of ramp metering is explained with its implementations and further approaches. A comparative study between three ramp metering algorithms used in the greater seattle area, ward 481. The aim is to ensure that the total volume exiting a zone exceeds the volume entering it. This programmers guide contains the software design for the new and modified code, the. Ramp metering mitigates congestion by managing the rate of traffic entering the freeway from the onramp breaks up traffic platoons on ramps into smaller platoons that can more easily merge with the heavily congested freeway traffic. Evaluation of a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm. Sep 14, 2015 ramp metering algorithms and approaches for texas.
A proactive travel time based ramp metering algorithm for. Ramp metering, which controls the onramp flow into the freeway, is successful in increasing freeway throughput and reducing overall traveltime. Evaluation of ramp control algorithms using a microscopic. In the twin cities metropolitan area, freeway ramp metering goes back as early as 1969, when the minnesota department of transportation mndot first tested ramp metering in a i35e pilot project. There is some concern that implementing the current studys recommendations would make the szm algorithm more complex, which would make monitoring and analyzing the ramp metering system more difficult. A challenge in ramp metering is that it is not possible to process data in realtime and use the output in a control algorithm. Ramp meters are used at freeway onramps to manage the rate of automobiles entering the freeway. Fuzzy ramp implementation algorithm design, user interface, and optimization procedure for a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm. This report documents the implementation of the fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm at the northwest district of the washington state department of transportation. A training manual for freeway operations engineers by cynthia taylor deirdre meldrum research engineer associate professor department of electrical engineering university of washington seattle, washington 98195. A fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm was designed to overcome the limitations of conventional ramp metering strategies.
Appendix to txdot roadway design manual introduction engineers install ramp meters to address the following three operational objectives. System wide adaptive ramp metering swarm, a combination of coordinated and local traffic responsive ramp metering algorithms developed by net corporation. Summary pdf 62 kb final report pdf 20 mb evaluation report pdf 788 kb evaluation plan pdf 3. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. It provides traffic theory fundamentals and then the design of feedback controllers for isolated and coordinated ramp. Systemic evaluation of the herobased ramp metering. Exploratory analysis of ramp metering on efficiency and safety of freeways using microsimulation by hardy kamal karim submitted to the graduate degree program in. The implemented algorithm is evaluated using a network wide. Can a predictive algorithm be used to start ramp meters before the freeway breaks down. Ramp algorithm apis metering logic implementations, are developed to build a.
Enhancing ramp metering algorithms with the use of probability of breakdown models. Exploratory analysis of ramp metering on efficiency and. The last comprehensive summary of ramp metering algorithms completedwas in 1999 by bogenberger and maythis thesis summarizes. Julius codjoe osama osman marlene russell jose rodriguez department of civil and environmental engineering 3418 patrick f. Ramp meters minnesota department of transportation. Evaluation and improvement of the stratified ramp metering. The improvements were each implemented in the vap code and then calibrated. Ramp management and control handbook performing organization code authors leslie jacobson, jason stribiak, lisa nelson, doug sallman. Evaluation of onramp control algorithms institute of. Abstract ramp meters impact not only the performance of the motorway, but also the performance of the arterial road network. Evaluation of a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm wsdot. A number of algorithms have been developed in recent years to ensure an effective use of ramp metering. Ramp metering design preliminary investigation 22412. Local traffic responsive algorithm in which the control logic is based on the feedback structure from the mainline loop detectors.
The primary objective of this project was to compare ramp metering algorithms and develop guidelines for improving ramp metering operations in texas. This primer poses ramp metering as a potential tool to address commonly occurring congestion and safety issues. It does this by 1 smoothing the flow of traffic at the merge and thereby increasing effective freeway capacity and safety and 2 reducing the traffic entering the freeway which reduces the volume to. Ramp metering ramp metering is the control of a traffic stream from an on ramp to the motorway. It follows that there are two fundamental requirements for this system. Maximizing the flow 6 during the campaign kc scout explained to motorists that they are complying with the ramp meters when they bring their cars to a full or rolling stop at a ramp meter signal that displays a red light. This is due to the fact that by the time processing is completed and a control measure applied, the traffic state will have changed. Alinea is a local control algorithm and flow is an area wide. Ramp metering is commonly used in major metropolitan areas to reduce freeway delay and improve safety.
Development of a simulation laboratory for evaluating ramp. Ramp metering average 20082009 after ramp metering 2010 number of accidents per year number of accidents number of accidents per year accidents on i435 dropped 64% after the ramp meters were installed. Draft research reportresearch project agreement no. It does this by 1 smoothing the flow of traffic at the merge and thereby increasing effective. The zone ramp metering algorithm employed by the minnesota department of transportation dot for many years stephanedes, 1994. Ramp metering is the deployment of a traffic signals on a ramp to control the rate vehicles. The development of the multiobjective, integrated, largescale, optimized system milos architecture and algorithms was addressed in an earlier phase of the rhodesitms program.
How ramp metering works freeway sensors demand sensor ramp metering signals passage sensor advanced sign to warn that metering is on freeway end of queue sensor ramp metering signal cycles between redgreen in response to traffic conditions fed to the ramp meter controller. Testing the algorithm performance was a separate and mammoth undertaking, which is summarized in a publication, c. Measuring the effectiveness of ramp metering strategies on i12 ltrc project number. Traffic responsive ramp meters can be divided into two categories. Measuring the effectiveness of ramp metering strategies on i12 by sherif ishak, ph. T9903, task 84 fuzzy ramp implementationevaluation of a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm. I12 ramp metering systems engineering analysis to 701651052 fap its9906549 abmb engineers, inc.
Basic ramp meter types ramp meters are broken into five different types, dependent upon the number of lanes required for a location and the usage of highoccupant vehicle lanes for priority treatment. It provides traffic theory fundamentals and then the design of feedback. The rmc will be provided with a communications link. Two multiple ramp study sites were evaluated by comparing the fuzzy logic controller flc to the other two ramp metering algorithms in operation at those sites over a fourmonth period. Development of a simulation laboratory for evaluating ramp metering algorithms. Ramp metering algorithms and approaches for texas by nadeem a. Evaluation of coordinated and local ramp metering algorithms using microscopic traffic simulation by joseph r. The fuzzy controller demonstrated improved robustness, prevented heavy. Dualstate kalman filter forecasting and control theory. Since 1989, the number of meters nationwide has increased from about 1,600 to over 2,300.
As the performance of ramp metering depends on various factors e. A local feedback control law for on ramp metering markos papageorgiou, habib hadjsalem, jeanmarc blosseville alinea, a new local trafficresponsive strat. To date, the twin cities ramp metering system has grown to include 419 ramp meters, with 2. Ramp meters are special traffic signals at the end of a freeway onramp that regulate the flow of traffic. Queueoverride increase metering rate when on ramp queue length extends beyond a predefined threshold is a builtin feature for most ramp metering algorithms. However, on ramp queue flushed onto mainline may lead to mainline flow to break down, and defeat the. The ramp metering system algorithms, coded using vap programming to represent the system the model was improved and recalibrated for the purpose of this project. The fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm is specifically designed to handlepractical situations, without the need to modify the control parameters. Dhp ramp metering literature bibliographies cite this. On ramp queue may also be flushed onto freeway mainline when overspill occurs. Evaluation of ramp control algorithms using a microscopic traffic.
I540 westbound ramp metering analysis final report atkins i540 westbound ramp metering analysis final report i march 11, 2014 i 37599 2 notice this document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for the north. Queue storage design for metered onramps sciencedirect. Ramp meter design manual has the following statement. It provides traffic theory fundamentals and then the design of feedback controllers for isolated and coordinated ramp metering problems. Evaluating the benefits of a systemwide adaptive rampmetering strategy in portland, oregon soyoung ahn department of civil and environmental engineering. Dhp ramp metering literature bibliographies cite this for me. This thesis presents an evaluation study of two ramp metering algorithms. Overview of ramp metering us department of transportation. The training manual also contains background on fuzzy logic control, how this algorithm addresses various ramp metering problems, a description of design. Milos proof of concept multiobjective, integrated, largescale, optimized system 5. Enhancing ramp metering algorithms with the use of.
Ramp metering design and evaluation using microsimulation. Hunter noted that the acceleration lane lengths and taper lengths that appear in aashtos green book. We also propose a localized control strategy for the switching metering controller and the queue length regulator to achieve the goal of reducing the spatial and temporal span of the congestion. Local ramp metering algorithms only take into account traffic conditions near a single ramp, while coordinated algorithms try to optimize traffic over an area. The algorithm starts with initiation, setting the signal to green and resetting the counter to 1. Ramp metering has emerged as an effective freeway control measure to ensure efficient freeway operations. Development and comparative evaluation of ramp metering. An overview of ramp metering algorithms is provided next, ranging from early fixedtime approaches to traffic. The systemwide adaptive ramp metering swarm algorithm will be studied and a set of ramp. Overview of ramp metering due to the growth of metropolitan areas and tightening of fiscal belts, the need for effective and financially viable freeway management tools is unprecedented. Ramp metering ramp metering uses special traffic signals at onramps to control the rate or size of. Those proposed ramp metering algorithms awaiting further assessment include the ball aerospace fhwa ramp metering algorithm report 4, 1998. This provided the base ramp metering model, against which the improvements could be compared. The rmc may be similar to, or incorporate a traffic signal controller, or be a new design at the discretion of the contractor.
Through 17 years, also different metering algorithms have been investigated. Evaluation of coordinated and local ramp metering algorithms using microscopic traffic simulation. A ramp meter, ramp signal, or metering light is a device, usually a basic traffic light or a twosection signal light red and green only, no yellow together with a signal controller, that regulates the flow of traffic entering freeways according to current traffic conditions. Design, field implementation and evaluation of adaptive. An overview of ramp metering algorithms is provided next, ranging from early fixedtime approaches to trafficresponsive regulators. Freeway ramp metering is an efficient freeway control that can ameliorate freeway congestion by limiting the.
Compatible with 2070 controllers, the software is capable of handling a variety of ramp configurations. Evaluating the benefits of a systemwide adaptive ramp. Ppt ramp metering powerpoint presentation free to view. Ramp metering control based on the qlearning algorithm. Ramp metering is an effective, viable, and practical strategy used to manage freeway traffic. As part of this research project, researchers collected data at several sites in houston, texas. The caltrans ramp meter design manual has the following statement. E book or pdf edited book email encyclopedia article govt. A fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm was implemented on 126 ramps in the greater seattle area. Szm algorithm may be further enhanced through more detailed analysis of individual parameters. Trais pb farradyne performing organization name and address 3206 tower oaks blvd. The decrease is greater than that found in ramp meter evaluation studies in milwaukee, portland. The wsdot training manual for the fuzzy logic algorithm states.
Stratified zone metering the minnesota algorithm minnesota experience for over thirty years, the minnesota department of transportation mndot has used freeway ramp metering to ease the merge of traffic from entrance ramps onto the mainline and to reduce freeway congestion in the twin cities metropolitan area. Qlearning algorithm was applied to design an adaptive control strategy based on learning for local ramp metering control. Design, field implementation and evaluation of adaptive ramp. Because incidents, missing data, special events, and bad weatherare the norm in seattle, the algorithms ability to perform well under these situations is akey feature. Ramp meters nationwide what other areas use ramp metering. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a foundation for future research on ramp metering. Although the ramp metering algorithms that underlay these. Feedback ramp metering in intelligent transportation systems. Adaptive ramp metering algorithms roberto horowitz, adolf may, alex skabardonis, pravin varaiya, michael zhang gabriel gomes, laura munoz, xiaotian sun, dengfeng sun october 26, 2004 the main objectives of task order 46 are 1 the design of improved freeway onramp me. Application of alinea ramp control algorithm to freeway. The comparative analysis of the three ramp metering approaches was conducted on an 8 km freeway section on highway 2 in calgary, alberta, canada with quadstone paramics microsimulation. In this paper we will briefly describe the different algorithms and their impact. California has widely applied ramp metering in major metropolitan areas.
Ramp metering design requested by zhongren wang, division of traffic operations. Ramp management and control handbook chapter 5 ramp. In 2001, mndot released the results of an independent study on ramp metering in the metro area. Ramp metering has been recognized as an effective freeway management strategy to avoid or ameliorate freeway traffic congestion by limiting access to the freeway. Performance evaluation of adaptive rampmetering algorithms. Research paper development and comparative evaluation of ramp metering algorithms using microscopic traffic simulation winyoopadit sarintorn school of civil engineering, university of queensland, brisbane qld 4072, australia abstract. Ramp metering is one of the successful traffic control strategies in the area of active traffic and demand management. Ramp meters are traffic signals placed at the freeway onramps. Exploratory analysis of ramp metering on efficiency and safety of freeways using microsimulation by hardy kamal karim submitted to the graduate degree program in civil, environmental and architectural engineering. Test results of this set of ramp metering algorithms, as well as those of alinea 5, on a calibrated microscopic traffic simulator are also presented.
Evaluation of coordinated and local ramp metering algorithms. Algorithm design, user interface, and optimization procedure. The selected localized ramp metering algorithm is the alinea papageorgiou et al. The control strategy developed has been tested under typical traffic conditions in a vissim road traffic microsimulator.
1524 1065 1651 88 1076 828 1626 1479 958 1603 107 919 241 1442 1247 556 719 647 1346 680 1327 61 1107 523 97 199 345 714 452 1380 1254 720 906 755 93